A Complete Science-backed guide.
CELLULAR EVOLUTION

A Complete Science-backed guide.

Advanced NAD+ bio-hacks for peak human performance.
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NAD+

A naturally occurring molecule that is found in every cell of your body. NAD+ is a coenzyme, which means that when NAD+ is available, many enzymes can do their jobs properly. Your body needs it every day to help cells convert food into energy and to support normal cellular processes.

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Are NAD+ supplements safe?

  • Safety assessments in research settings show good tolerability.
  • Human clinical trials have reported no serious adverse effects.
  • Individual responses may vary.
Whats in LLG+
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How does NAD+ Helps?

What does NAD+ do in the body?

What does NAD+ do in the body?

What does NAD+ do in the body?

01 02 03
01
Enzyme Support

What does NAD+ do in the body?

NAD+ works with key enzyme systems involved
in metabolism, cellular signalling, and normal cell repair processes.

02
Cell Maintenance

What does NAD+ do in the body?

NAD+ participates in cellular pathways that
help cells respond to stress and maintain normal function over time.

03
What does NAD+ do in the body?

What does NAD+ do in the body?

NAD+ helps cells convert nutrients from
food into usable energy, supporting normal cellular energy processes.

The Science Behind NAD+ Decline

Understanding the Biological Drivers of Cellular Ageing and NAD+ depletion.

Natural Ageing

NAD+ levels naturally halve every 20 years.

More Wear & Tear in Cells

Increased cellular stress and inflammation

Body Makes Less NAD+

Reduced efficiency of NAD+ synthesis

NAD+ Gets Used Up for Repair

Greater NAD+ use during DNA repair

Everyday Habits Matter

Lifestyle-related factors

Metabolism & Stress Drain NAD+

Metabolic and stress factors

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Structure & Science of NAD+

With diagrams showing its structure, conversion and role in the body.

NAD+ structure and conversion diagram

NAD+ and Ageing

Studies show that NAD+ levels naturally decline as part of the ageing process, and this
decline is linked to changes in how cells produce energy, respond to stress, and maintain normal function. As NAD+ becomes less available, several biological systems that rely on it, such as those involved in metabolism and cellular repair, may work less efficiently. Studies also highlight that maintaining NAD+ availability is therefore considered important in ageing research, not because it stops ageing, but because NAD+ plays a central role in cellular processes that tend to weaken over time.

Sources:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X24001256

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2023

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Findings on NMN and NR

Research shows that boosting NAD+ through precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR)
and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has produced encouraging results in
animal studies, where NAD+ levels were restored and improvements were observed in metabolic health, muscle function, and markers associated with age-related decline. In human clinical studies, NMN and NR have consistently been shown to raise NAD+ levels. Current evidence also suggests that supplementation with NAD+
precursors is generally well tolerated, though there is still a need for
further large-scale studies.

Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9512238/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X24001256https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2023

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The Role of Gut Microbiome

Research
suggests that when NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) and
nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) are taken orally, they don’t just go straight
into the bloodstream, they first interact with bacteria in the gut. These gut
microbes can modify the precursors before they’re absorbed, which means the gut
microbiome plays a role in how NAD+ levels change after supplementation.

Source:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X24001256

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NAD+ and Cognitive Function

Study found that increasing NAD+ in a rat model of chronic reduced brain blood flow improved learning and memory while reducing inflammation and neuronal damage. These protective effects were linked to better mitochondrial function, lower
oxidative stress, and activation of key energy-regulating pathways, suggesting
a potential role for NAD+ in supporting cognitive health under metabolic
stress.

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-021-02250-8

Are NAD+ Supplements Effective?

NAD+ supplements like NMN and NR provide the body with precursors that cells convert into NAD+ through natural pathways. Moreover, supplements combined with vitamins and minerals, especially B vitamins and magnesium, can further support the body’s natural NAD+ production and overall cellular function as levels decline with age.

Cellular Energy

NAD+ is essential for mitochondria to convert nutrients into ATP, the usable energy for the cell, helping maintain overall vitality.

Healthy Ageing

Maintaining NAD+ levels can support cellular repair mechanisms, potentially slowing markers of age-related decline at the cellular level.

Metabolic Function

NAD+ plays a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism, helping cells efficiently manage energy and maintain metabolic balance.

Cognitive Health

Animal studies suggest NAD+ may improve brain function by reducing oxidative stress and supporting mitochondrial efficiency in neurons.

Muscle Recovery

By supporting cellular energy and repair, NAD+ may help maintain muscle health, endurance, and recovery, particularly as we age.

Cardiovascular Health

NAD+ is involved in vascular and heart cell function, potentially supporting healthy blood flow and resilience of cardiovascular tissues.

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Checklist for Choosing a Safer, High-Quality Supplement

Use this quick checklist to evaluate supplement qualityβ€”so you can choose products made with transparency, safety, and consistency in mind.

Use well-sourced

High-quality ingredient

Independent third-party testing

Clear ingredient sources

Clearly defined dosages

Recognised quality standards

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is NAD+ a vitamin?

No. NAD+ is not a vitamin, it’s a molecule
your body makes and uses. Some vitamins (like Vitamin B3) can contribute to
pathways involved in NAD+ production.

Is NAD+ the same as NMN or NR?

No. NMN and NR are best thought of as
building blocks, which your body converts into NAD+ through natural pathways.

Can I boost NAD+ naturally through food?

Yes, foods like milk, fish, and green
vegetables contain precursors for NAD+, and B vitamins are important for its
production. However, food alone may not fully offset the age-related decline,
which is why supplements are sometimes used to support levels.

Do NAD+ supplements make you feel more energetic immediately?

Not like caffeine or stimulants. NAD+ supports your cells’ energy production over
time, so benefits are gradual. Many people notice improved energy, focus, or
recovery after consistent use rather than an instant β€œboost.”

What health benefits can NAD+ support?

NAD+ helps support cellular energy,
metabolism, muscle function, brain health, and healthy ageing. While research
is still ongoing, studies suggest it may play a role in maintaining overall
vitality and resilience at the cellular level.